Endocrine and Hormonal Effects of Medicinal Plant Extracts in Experimental Animal Models: A Review

Abstract

The endocrine and hormonal effects of medicinal plant extracts in experimental animal models are reviewed in this article. Excluding research on people or cell cultures, the systematic review concentrated on studies that directly or indirectly assessed hormone levels or functioning in animals. Numerous plant extracts have shown significant effects on a number of hormonal axis, including: Hormones (LH, FSH, testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone) in a number of animal species were impacted by extracts from the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis: By influencing hormones like corticosterone, some extracts have demonstrated the capacity to regulate the reaction to stress. Thyroid-pancreatic axis: Certain extracts have an impact on insulin and glucagon release, thyroid hormones (T3, T4), and glucose management. Certain phytochemical classes are linked to these effects, most notably: Sex and thyroid hormone receptors are impacted by flavonoids, such as quercetin and genistein. Terpenes, polyphenols, and alkaloids all have different roles in regulating endocrine processes.

Conclusion: This review highlights the need for more research to fully comprehend the mechanisms, improve the chemical makeup of the extracts, and carry out thorough toxicity studies to better evaluate their therapeutic potential and potential risks. However, it also confirms the promising potential of medicinal plant extracts in modulating the endocrine system.